Comparing and Contrasting Four Leadership Models and Theories
The following paper outlines the comparability and contrast of four lead models and theories. The purpose of this paper is to exhibit readers with the basic concepts underlying each model and theory. A polish up of the scholarly studies on leadership shows that in that location is a huge variety of different theoretical approaches to explain the complexities of the leadership outgrowth (e.g., Bass, 1990; Bryman, 1992; Gardner, 1990; Hickman 1998; Rost, 1991). Some researchers conceptualize as a trait, or as behavior, while others view leadership from a political perspective, or from a humanistic viewpoint.
The paper begins with a description of leadership trait theory, a theory that concerns itself solely with leader characteristics. Following this, two theories be reviewed. They are: transactional leadership and fortuity approach to leadership. The paper concludes with a look at transformational leadership. Although these leadership theories or models could be considered contingency models, they are addressed separately because of the emphasis that they place on morality and follower development.
Trait Theory
In the early 1900s, leadership traits were studied to determine what made certain people gigantic leaders.
The theories that were developed were called, great man theories because they focused on identifying the natural qualities and characteristics have by great social, political, and military leaders (e.g. doubting Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, and Mohandas Gandhi). It was believed that people were born with these traits and only great people possessed them. During this time research concentrated on determining the specific traits that clearly differentiated leaders from followers (Bass, 1990; Jago, 1982). Although different researchers set a variety of leadership traits and characteristics, it is generally thought that there are five major leadership traits: intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity, and sociability.
In the mid-1900s, the trait approach was challenged by research...
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